Undertaking an effective clinical history is an essential part of the ENT consultation, as it is with any aspect of medical practice. The content explored will vary from clinician to clinician and depend upon the patient’s past medical history, social history and drug history, as well as previous experiences. It is essential that the clinician has good communication skills, both verbal and non-verbal and may notice any cues given by the patient. Smith (2003) suggests that if the clinician listens to the patient, they will tell you the diagnosis. The information collected in the history will enable the clinician to target their questions to a certain line of enquiry and will guide the clinician to which investigations may be appropriate. During the history taking, the physician-patient relationship takes shape. It allows the clinician to get to know their patient, gain their confidence and trust and develop an understanding of any external influences that might affect their health. It also allows the clinician to explore the patient’s ideas, concerns and expectations. This is a crucial element of the clinical encounter for several reasons, including understanding of their condition and compliance to treatments.