Modified from the one used by Meredith [2], this study quantified the inflammation associated with endophthalmitis. The scoring was done in a scale of 0–4 with additional allowance for poor clarity of ocular tissues. The inflammation score (IS) was based on the clinical picture of the cornea, anterior chamber, iris and vitreous.

The study consisted of 63 patients, 32 postoperative and 31 posttrauma endophthalmitis; 39 patients (62%; 18 postoperative, 56.2%, and 21 posttraumatic, 67.7%) were culture-proven endophthalmitis. There was reduction of inflammation score in eyes that received intravitreal dexamethasone irrespective of culture positivity in both postoperative and posttrauma endophthalmitis. At the end of 3 months, the inflammation score was nearly similar irrespective of adjunctive intravitreal dexamethasone or no dexamethasone therapy. Intravitreal dexamethasone did not affect the final visual outcome in both postoperative and posttrauma endophthalmitis, but reduction of inflammation score was higher in eyes that received intravitreal dexamethasone (Table 35.3).