Use of Toric IOLs in the Correction of Astigmatism with Cataract Surgery


Study ID

Intervention

Comparison group

Follow-up

Preoperative astigmatism

Study population

Freitas et al. 2014

Toric IOL in both eyes (AcrySof Toric TM, Alcon, Fort Worth, TX)

Non-toric IOL (AcrySof Natural, Alcon) + limbal-relaxing incisions in both eyes

1 + 3 + 6 months

O.75–2.5 D (both eyes)

Toric: 15 patients (30 eyes); age 65.7 years Non-toric: 16 patients (32 eyes); age 71.8 years

Gangwani et al. 2014

Multifocal toric IOL (Mflex-T multifocal toric IOL, Rayner IOLs, East sussex, UK) in 1 eye of a patient

Non-toric multifocal IOL (M-flex, Rayner IOLs) in the other eye + peripheral corneal-relaxing incisions

3 months

1.0–2.5 D

29 eyes in both groups; age 74.8 years (4.6)

Himschall et al. 2014

Rayner T-flex toric IOL (Rayner) in 1 eye

C-flex or Superflex non-toric IOL (Rayner) + 1 or 2 relaxing peripheral corneal incisions in the other eye

1 + 6 months

1.0–2.5 D

60 eyes (30 patients); age 71.0 years (8.4)

Holland et al. 2010

AcrySof Toric (SA60T3-T5, Alcon)

Non-toric IOL (AcrySof SA60AT, Alcon)

1 year

≥0.75 D with-the-rule astigmatism or ≥1.0 D against-the-rule astigmatism

Age: 71 years Toric: 241 eyes non-toric:236 eyes

Lam et al. 2015

TECNIS Toric IOL (Abbott Medical Optics (Santa Ana CA)

TECNIS 1-piece IOL with limb-relaxing incision

1 + 3 months

≤3.0 D

Age: Non-toric: 67.7 years (6.9), toric: 64.8 (10.3) Toric: 31 eyes of 31 patients

Liu et al. 2014

Toric IOL (model and manufacturer not specified)

Non-toric IOL (model and manufacturer not specified) + peripheral corneal-relaxing incisions

1 + 6 months

Group A: 0.75–1.5 D group B: 1.75–2.5 D

Age: Non-toric: 70.5 years (8.0), toric: 67.3 years (10.3) Toric: 15 patients in group A and 12 in group B

Maedel et al. 2014

Aspheric toric IOL (Lentis Unico L-312 T, Oculentis GmbH, Berlin Germany)

Aspheric non-toric IOL (Lentis Unico L-312, Oculentis GmbH) + opposite clear corneal incisions

1 h, 1 week, 3 + 9 months

1.04–2.11 D (mean 1.69, SD 0.41)

Age: 70.1 (11.8) Toric: 18 eyes non-Toric: 21 eyes

Mendicute et al. 2009

Toric IOL (AcrySof Toric SN60T3, SN60T4, SN60T5, Alcon)

Non-toric IOL (AcrySof SN60AT, Alcon) + opposite clear corneal incisions

3 months

1–3 D

Toric: 20 eyes; age 69.3 years (8.2) non-toric: 20 eyes; age 71.9 (6.8)

Mingo-Botin et al. 2010

Toric IOL (AcrySof Toric, Alcon)

Non-toric IOL (Acrysof natural, Alcon) + peripheral corneal-relaxing incisions

3 months

1–3 D

Toric: 20 eyes; age 71.5 years (11.1) non-toric: 20 eyes; age 75.6 (5.9)

Titiyal et al. 2014

Toric IOL (AcrySof IQ Toric, Alcon)

Non-toric IOL (AcrySof IQ, Alcon) + astigmatic keratotomy

1 day, 1 week, 1 + 3 months

1.25–1.3 D

Toric: 17 eyes; age 60.7 years (5.99) non-toric: 17 eyes; age 62.23 years (3.29)

Visser et al. 2014

Toric IOL (AcrySof aspheric toric, SN6AT3-T9, Alcon)

Non-toric IOL (AcrySof aspheric non-toric, Alcon, SN60WF)

1 week, 1 + 3 + 6 months

≥1.25 D

Age: 74 years Toric 41 patients (82 eyes) non-toric: 45 patients (90 eyes)

Waltz et al. 2015

Toric IOL (TECHNIS toric ZTC150, Abbott medical optics

Non-toric IOL (TECHNIS 1-piece ZCB00 IOL, Abbott medical optics)

1 day, 1 week, 1 + 3 + 6 months

0.75–1.5 D

Toric:102 patients; age 71.3 years (9.1)non-toric:95 patients; age 69.9 years (7.6)

Zhang et al. 2011

Toric IOL (TECHNIS toric ZTC150, Abbott medical optics)

Non- toric (AcrySof non-toric SN60AT, Alcon)

1 + 3 + 6

≥ 0.5 to ≤3 in both eyes

Toric: 30 patients (60 eyes); age 67 years (10) non-toric: 30 patients (60 eyes); age 65 years (12)


D diopter, IOL intraocular lens, SD standard deviation

All included patients had age-related cataract and regular astigmatism. Values are reported in mean (SD) or mean only if SD was not available. Age is reported in years. Nomograms used to plan size and location of incisions:(1) www.​lricalculator.​com according to Donnenfelds nomogram; (2) surgeon’s experience plus the method of Gill and Gayton; (3) not reported; (4) surgeon’s personalized nomogram; (5) Nichamin’s nomogram; (6) no nomogram was used, paired 30-degree arcuate keratotomy incisions were made in the 7.0-mm optical zone on the steeper meridian. All incisions were performed manually

]. As many as 10% of these lenses rotated from the axis of initial placement, as assessed by objective measures using photographic retro-illumination techniques. Although the late rotation was seldom a problem, especially with larger fenestration modified haptics, the issue remained due to unacceptably high rates of repositioning required. Subsequent development of tIOLs based on a single piece and three-piece acrylic platforms resulted in better lens stability. The impact of lens material was found to be a major factor (Table 5.1). Silicone and PMMA lenses are much less adherent to the capsule than acrylic lenses.

Rotation of the lens by 15° from ideal axis can reduce the clinical effectiveness by 50%. For tIOL positions that are 30° from ideal placement, the entire corrective effect is negated, and beyond this there will be increasing residual astigmatism. Optically, the axis of residual astigmatism is found to be 45° from the midpoint of intended ideal lens position and the actual position.

Optically the effect of off-axis placement of a lens is described by





$$ D\times \sin \left( angle of rotation\right) $$
where D is the dioptric power of astigmatism.

Tilt and decentration of the tIOL can degrade the optical quality of the outcome as well. Thus, in cases where IOL stability in the bag cannot be ensured, alternative fixation must be considered. Options include optic capture in the capsulorrhexis, iris fixation, or scleral fixation. However, these techniques are not as amenable to precise axis placement as primary in-the-bag fixation of the tIOL. As such, secondary means of correction may be needed and the patient counseled accordingly.

Intentional residual astigmatic refractive error can improve the depth of focus, but more than 0.75 diopters, or even less at an oblique meridian, will compromise the image quality such as to nullify the benefit. Ideally the conoid of Sturm would straddle the fovea. Alternatively, a simple myopic astigmatic result, with one focal blur circle of the conoid on the fovea and one anterior to it, would give a measure of pseudo-accommodation.



5.2 Operative Considerations


Surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) can be a significant consideration in the choice of tIOL power and axis of placement. It has been shown to be more important in lower magnitude astigmatism correction and with temporal cataract incision placement. Even with small incision and micro-incisional techniques, the SIA cannot be considered to be nil; however, it may have less and less impact on the target of axis of tIOL placement. Calculation of SIA, and lens constant optimization can be concurrently achieved with a limited data set and using widely available tools. Once a surgeon’s estimated SIA is known, and the incision location is identified, the information is entered into toric IOL calculator software. Some of this is available online. Desktop computer software allows surgeons to retain an ongoing data set for refinements in biometric calculations and SIA.

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Feb 4, 2018 | Posted by in OPHTHALMOLOGY | Comments Off on Use of Toric IOLs in the Correction of Astigmatism with Cataract Surgery

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